A closer look at technology.
What happens between entering a domain name and receiving a page? Follow DNS lookups, routing and connections to see where delays and failures begin.
Explore articles ↓Illustrative flow · Intermediate routers and connection handshakes are omitted.
Both DoH and DoT encrypt DNS queries to protect user privacy, but they operate at different layers of the network stack. Understand the practical impact of port 443 versus port 853 on visibility and firewalling.
Separate cumulative DNS, TCP, TLS and response timings, then compare them with application traces from the same request.
Small interactive requests work while larger output stalls. Compare packet sizes, feedback and retransmissions across the tunnel.
A router may forward traffic while rate-limiting probe replies. Compare later hops and application symptoms before assigning blame.
A new authoritative answer may coexist with an older recursive answer. Check the SOA and the client’s actual resolver.
Local policy can prefer a longer route. Compare alternatives to the same prefix and verify the real traffic path.
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